Comprehensive Clinical and Surgical Review of Bunion (Hallux Valgus) Treatment and Advancing Corrective Techniques
Bunions, or hallux valgus deformities, are structural foot abnormalities in which the big toe deviates laterally while the first metatarsal shifts medially. This misalignment results in a prominent bony bump, inflammation, impaired mobility, and pain that can severely affect walking and daily activities. While often dismissed as a cosmetic concern, bunions can lead to progressive deformity and functional impairment if untreated.
Genetics, improper footwear, ligament laxity, and biomechanical imbalances contribute significantly to bunion formation. Over time, structural changes affect the surrounding soft tissues, causing joint instability and chronic irritation. Progression may lead to overlapping toes, hammertoes, or arthritis of the big toe joint.
Conservative treatments aim to reduce symptoms and slow progression. These include orthotic devices, toe spacers, padding, physical therapy, and footwear modifications. While such measures cannot reverse the deformity, they can alleviate discomfort and improve function for individuals with mild to moderate symptoms.
Surgical intervention remains the definitive…
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